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Rather than ranking information by popularity or engagement, CardioAdvocate is designed to elevate medical knowledge based on credibility, relevance, and clinical impact — prioritizing trusted sources, landmark trials, professional society guidance, and expert consensus.
Welcome to the CardioAdvocate Cardiometabolic Library — a curated, evidence-based collection of references, guidelines, landmark trials, and CardioAdvocate articles organized by topic. Click any section to explore. This is a living resource that grows as new evidence emerges.
Last updated: February 2026
▸ Guidelines & Foundations (33 references)
Guidelines: General
Lipid Guidelines
- AACE/ACE Consensus Statement on Management of Dyslipidemia (2020)
- NLA Recommendations for Patient-Centered Management of Dyslipidemia: Part 2
- ATP III Report on High Blood Cholesterol
- NLA Recommendations Part 1: Executive Summary (2014)
- NLA Recommendations Part 2: Full Report (2014)
- ACC/AHA Guideline on Management of Blood Cholesterol (2018)
- ACC/AHA Guideline on Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk (2013)
- ESC/EAS Guidelines for Management of Dyslipidaemias (2019)
- ESC/EAS Focused Update on Dyslipidaemias (2025)
- CCS Dyslipidemia Guidelines (2021)
- AACE/ACE Guidelines for Management of Dyslipidemia (2017)
- ACC Expert Consensus: Role of Nonstatin Therapies (2022)
- USPSTF: Statin Use for Primary Prevention of CVD (2022)
- KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Lipid Management in CKD (2013)
History of Cholesterol
Primordial Prevention
- Urgent need to treat ASCVD risk from earliest point in life
- Eliminating ASCVD by lowering LDL from birth
- Cumulative LDL-C exposure and risk of CV events
- Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia protects from ASCVD
- Ference BA: Low LDL-C for long duration reduces CV events
- Causal effect of ApoB lipoproteins on ASCVD
- LDL-C and lifetime risk in genome analysis
- Risk trajectories in young adults from Mendelian randomization
- Non-HDL-C Levels From Childhood to Adulthood and CV Events (JAMA 2024)
- Living Longer in Good Cardiovascular Health (Circulation)
▸ Biomarkers & Risk Assessment (57 references)
Lipid Biomarkers Overview
- Lipid biomarkers and risk of ASCVD — European Atherosclerosis Society
- Advanced Lipoprotein Testing and Subfractionation Are Not (Yet) Ready for Routine Clinical Use
- Comprehensive lipid testing and management
- Apolipoprotein or Lipid Measurement for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment
- CardioAdvocate: What's Your ApoB?
LDL-C (Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol)
- Low LDL-C and risk of cancer — PCSK9 trial analysis
- Very low LDL-C levels — Are they safe?
- LDL and lower is better: evidence from genetics
- Calculated vs. Direct LDL — systematic review
- Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia shows lifetime low LDL is safe
- Fasting is not routinely required for lipid testing
- LDL-C: How low can we go?
- Cumulative exposure to LDL-C and CV events
- Low LDL-C and hemorrhagic stroke
- LDL-C, Statins, and Cancer risk (no causal link)
Apolipoprotein B (ApoB)
Non-HDL Cholesterol
Biomarker Discordance (LDL-C vs ApoB vs LDL-P)
HDL-C (High-Density Lipoprotein)
Lipoprotein(a)
- Lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular risk — consensus from EAS
- Lipoprotein(a) as a risk factor — Framingham data
- OxPL on ApoB mediates Lp(a) risk
- Lp(a) testing — who and when
- Mendelian randomization shows Lp(a) causal for CHD
- PCSK9 inhibitors reduce Lp(a)
- Pelacarsen (TQJ230) — Lp(a) lowering ASO
- CardioAdvocate: Little Napoleon Complex — Lipoprotein(a)
- High Lp(a): Actionable Strategies for Risk Assessment and Mitigation
- Elevated Lp(a) and MACE Risk Regardless of ASCVD History (UK Biobank)
Triglycerides
ApoE
Oxidized Phospholipids (OxPL)
hsCRP & Inflammation
Residual Risk
Other Biomarkers
▸ Lipid Disorders & Phenotypes (14 references)
Classifying Lipid Disorders
Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH)
- Gene expression profiling in elderly FH patients
- Family Heart Foundation: PCSK9i still being denied
- EAS Consensus Statement on Familial Hypercholesterolemia (2013)
- AHA Scientific Statement on Familial Hypercholesterolemia (2015)
- FH Foundation
- FH prevalence and underdiagnosis
- CardioAdvocate: Hiding in Plain Sight — Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome (FCS)
- FCS Foundation
- CardioAdvocate: Don't Forget Your Beans — CKD Phenotype
Lean Mass Hyperresponders (LMHR)
▸ Treatments & Therapies (63 references)
Diet, Nutrition & Lifestyle
- 2021 Dietary Guidance to Improve Cardiovascular Health: AHA Scientific Statement
- Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular outcomes (PREDIMED)
- Healthy Dietary Patterns and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality
- AHA Life's Essential 8
- Ultra-processed foods and cardiovascular disease
- Alcohol and heart disease: new evidence
- Coffee and cardiovascular health
- Exercise and cardiovascular risk reduction
- Egg consumption and cardiovascular risk
- Dietary cholesterol and cardiovascular risk: AHA advisory
- Coconut oil and cardiovascular risk
- Red meat and cardiovascular risk
- CardioAdvocate: EGGCELLENT, or Rotten Egg?
- CardioAdvocate: Killer Workouts — The Adult Athlete
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Statins
- Safety of Aggressive Lipid Management
- High-Intensity Statin Use Among Patients with ASCVD
- PROSPER: Pravastatin in Elderly
- Statin therapy and reduced mortality across all age groups
- Statins for Primary Prevention in Older Adults
- Statin Therapy in People with HIV
- CardioAdvocate: Statin Apocalypse or Pleiotropic Nirvana
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
Bempedoic Acid
PCSK9 Inhibitors
Icosapent Ethyl (Vascepa)
CETP Inhibitors
ANGPTL3 Inhibitors
Fibrates
Niacin
Inflammation Therapies (Colchicine)
Plant Sterols/Stanols
▸ Imaging & Diagnostics (17 references)
Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC)
- MESA CAC Score Calculator
- AHA/ACC Statement on CAC Scoring
- CAC and long-term outcomes (MESA)
- CAC for guiding statin therapy in intermediate risk
- CAC score of zero and long-term CV risk
- Serial CAC scoring and progression
- Agatston score and CV risk stratification
- CAC in young adults (under 40)
- Statin use and CAC progression
- CAC testing: AHA/ACC appropriateness criteria
- CAC and non-cardiac surgery risk
- Society for CVD Prevention: Role of CAC
- CardioAdvocate: A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words — CAC Scores
- CardioAdvocate: What Does My Calcium Score Mean?
Cardiac CT Angiography (CCTA)
▸ Cardiovascular Conditions (30 references)
Landmark Cardiovascular Trials
- 4S Trial: Simvastatin and Coronary Heart Disease
- WOSCOPS: Pravastatin in Primary Prevention
- CARE: Pravastatin after MI
- AFCAPS/TexCAPS: Lovastatin in Primary Prevention (JAMA 1998)
- HPS: Heart Protection Study (Simvastatin)
- PROVE IT-TIMI 22: Intensive vs Moderate Statin after ACS (NEJM 2004)
- TNT: Treating to New Targets — Atorvastatin 80 vs 10 mg (NEJM 2005)
- GLAGOV: Evolocumab and Plaque Regression (JAMA 2016)
- JUPITER: Rosuvastatin in Elevated hsCRP
- IMPROVE-IT: Ezetimibe + Statin
- FOURIER: Evolocumab
- ODYSSEY Outcomes: Alirocumab
- REDUCE-IT: Icosapent Ethyl
- PROMINENT: Pemafibrate in Diabetes (NEJM 2022)
- CLEAR Outcomes: Bempedoic Acid
- CANTOS: Canakinumab
- COLCOT: Colchicine post-MI
- LoDoCo2: Colchicine chronic CAD
- BROADWAY: Obicetrapib (NEJM 2025)
- TANDEM: Obicetrapib + Ezetimibe (Lancet 2025)
Lipids and Dementia/Alzheimer's
Heart Failure
- CardioAdvocate: Too Little, Too Late — HFrEF
- CardioAdvocate: The Enigma — HFpEF
Atrial Fibrillation
- CardioAdvocate: Drinking Buddies — AFib and Its Cardiometabolic Companions
Stroke
- CardioAdvocate: Brain Attack — How Recognizing Heart Disease May Save Your Brain
Acute Coronary Syndromes
- CardioAdvocate: Cheating Death — The Heart Attack Survivor
▸ Metabolic & Systemic (8 references)
Metabolic Disorders
- Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk
- CardioAdvocate: The Sweet Spot — Diabetes
NAFLD/NASH (MASLD/MASH)
▸ CardioAdvocate Resources (39 references)
Phenotype Articles (Clinical Deep Dives)
- Hiding in Plain Sight — Familial Hypercholesterolemia
- Little Napoleon Complex — Lipoprotein(a)
- A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words — CAC Scores
- The Itch That Rashes — Inflammation and CRP
- The Sweet Spot — Diabetes
- Too Much of a GOOD Thing — Dysfunctional HDL
- The Straw That Breaks the Camel's Back — LMHR
- Something Smells Fishy — Fish Oil Controversy
- EGGCELLENT, or Rotten Egg? — Eggs and Heart Disease
- Statin Apocalypse or Pleiotropic Nirvana — Statins
- Follow the Leader — Lipid Guidelines
- Barking Up the Wrong Tree — MASH and Fatty Liver
- The Day Dreamer — Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- Drinking Buddies — AFib and Cardiometabolic Companions
- Don't Forget Your Beans — CKD
- Age Is Just a Number — Aging and Heart Disease
- Under Pressure — Hypertension
- Brain Attack — Stroke
- Cheating Death — Heart Attack Survivor
- Killer Workouts — The Adult Athlete
- Too Little, Too Late — HFrEF
- The Enigma — HFpEF
- The Incidentaloma
- The Atherogenic Triad
- Wear Red for Women — Women's Cardiometabolic Health
- Precious Cargo — Pregnancy as a Cardiovascular Stress Test
- There's an App for That! — Why Risk Calculators Fail
Insight Articles (Essays & Analysis)
- Bias — It's All Around Us
- The Wild, Wild West
- What's Your ApoB? — A Practical Approach to Lipid Management
- What Does My Calcium Score Mean?
- Who Needs to See a Cardiologist or Cardiometabolic Specialist?
- Rewriting the Code — Gene Editing Therapies
- A Cup of Joe Never Hurt Anyone — Coffee and Heart Health
Understanding Your Test Results
CardioAdvocate helps people understand what matters — and how to speak up about it.
This library is curated by CardioAdvocate for educational purposes. Inclusion of a reference does not constitute endorsement. All links direct to publicly available resources. Content is reviewed and updated periodically as new evidence emerges.
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