EF

Ejection Fraction (EF) is a critical measurement in cardiology that indicates the percentage of blood ejected from the ventricle, primarily the left ventricle, during each heartbeat. This measurement is calculated by subtracting the end systolic volume from the end diastolic volume and dividing by the end diastolic volume. EF plays a pivotal role in assessing the strength and health of the heart and is utilized as a clinical parameter to determine the potential benefit of specific therapeutic interventions.

Understanding the significance of EF ranges is essential in evaluating cardiac function. A normal EF for the left ventricle is equal to or greater than 50%, with the typical range falling between 55-65%. An EF of 70% or higher is considered "hyperdynamic," which may occur due to factors like increased adrenaline or dehydration and is generally acceptable. On the contrary, an EF below 50% is classified as reduced and indicative of potential cardiac dysfunction. An EF between 40-50% is categorized as mid-range heart failure, representing a cautionary zone where the risk may not warrant certain device-based treatments like defibrillator placement, but other therapies may be advised. An EF of 35% or less signals moderate to severe reduction and is associated with a heightened risk of sudden cardiac death from arrhythmias and pump failure, necessitating consideration for device-based interventions such as implantable defibrillators or biventricular pacemakers. An EF below 20% is indicative of severe